A value of type `State s a` represents a computation that has access to a state variable
of type `s` and produces a value of type `a`.

>>> runState (modify (+1)) 0
((), 1)

>>> evalState (modify (+1)) 0
()

>>> execState (modify (+1)) 0
1

>>> runState (do x <- get; modify (+1); pure x) 0
(0, 1)

>>> runState (put 1) 0
((), 1)

>>> runState (modify (+1)) 0
((), 1)

Note that values of type `State s a` are not serializable.